Pharmacology

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenetics refers to how variation in one single gene influences the response to a single drug and Pharmacogenomicsrefers to how all of the genes (the genome) can influence responses to drugs. The general feature of these diverse lesions is that two nucleotides on opposite strands are joined covalently. Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity are clearly correlated.Understanding the specificity of mutagens in bacteria has led to the direct implication of certain environmental mutagens in the causation of human cancers.The Pharmaceutical industry's long successful strategy of placing big bets on a few molecules, promoting them heavily and turning them into blockbusters worked well for many years, but its R&D productivity has now plummeted and the environment’s changing. Regulators are becoming more cautious about approving truly innovative medicines.