34^th World Congress on Pharmacology August 16-17, 2021 London, UK

Drug delivery refers to approaches, formulations, manufacturing techniques, storage systems, and technologies involved in transporting a pharmaceutical compound to its target site to achieve a desired therapeutic effect

Pharmacology is the branch of pharmaceutical sciences which is concerned with the study of drug or medication action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism (sometimes the word Pharmacon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species). More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals.

Clinical Pharmacology has been practiced for centuries through observing the effects of herbal remedies and early drugs on humans. The pharmacologic effect that a medication has on the body is known as pharmacodynamics. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters become important because of the association between host drug concentrations, microorganism eradication, and resistance. Since long scientific advances allowed scientists to come together with the study of physiological effects with biological effects Receptor theory for drug effects and its discovery with clinical pharmacology has stretched out to be a multidisciplinary field and has contributed to the findings of drug interaction, therapeutic effectiveness and safety. Drug interactions and pharmacological compatibilities include the study of pharmacokinetics that includes the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs. The pharmacologic effect that a medication has on the body is known as pharmacodynamics. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters become especially important because of the association between drug application, microorganism abolition and resistance.

Neuropharmacology is the study of how drugs affect cellular function in the nervous system, and the neural mechanisms through which they influence behavior. There are two main branches of neuropharmacology: behavioral and molecular. Behavioral neuropharmacology focuses on the study of how drugs affect human behavior (neuropsychopharmacology), including the study of how drug dependence and addiction affect the human brain. Molecular neuropharmacology involves the study of neurons and their neurochemicallinteractions, with the overall goal of developing drugs that have beneficial effects on neurological function. Both of these fields are closely connected, since both are concerned with the interactions of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides neuro hormones, neuromodulators, enzymes, second messengers, co-transporters, ion channels, and receptor proteins in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Studying these interactions, researchers are developing drugs to treat many different neurological disorders, including pain, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, psychological disorders, addiction, and many others.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters become important because of the association between host drug concentrations, microorganism eradication, and resistance.Since long scientific advances allowed scientists to come together with the study of physiological effects with biological effects.

The Pharmaceutical industry's long successful strategy of placing big bets on a few molecules, promoting them heavily and turning them into blockbusters worked well for many years, but its R&D productivity has now plummeted and the environment’s changing.

This site describes drugs that are used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. The content emphasizes the biophysical, biochemical, and cellular basis for drug therapy. My desire in publishing this web site is to provide the reader with a thorough understanding of not only general pharmacologic principles and mechanisms of action of cardiovascular drugs, but more importantly, with an understanding of the rationale for drug use.

Ethnopharmacology is the branch of pharmacology that deals with the exchange of information and understandings about people's use of plants, fungi, animals, microorganisms and minerals and their biological and pharmacological effects based on the principles established through international conventions.

The pharmaceutical market been increasingly more affected through laws and regulations but has shown continuous growth as the diagnosis and understanding of diseases and condition has evolved and improved. BCC Research report’s cover the latest pharmaceutical market and provide in-depth market analysis, forecasts, trends, patent analysis, and profiles of major players within the markets.

Immunopharmacology is that area of pharmacological sciences dealing with the selective variation of specific immune responses and, in Particular, of immune cell subsets. The first generation of immune-modulating agents included molecules drawn from oncology.  The second generation, notably cyclosporine, exploited some natural agents able to block several signal transduction pathways.To deal with the expanding field of immunopharmacology, some limitations are required. However, in recent years, the advances about how the immune system works have identified several molecular targets suitable for more selective modulation of immune function. These targets can be broadly divided into surface molecules and soluble mediators. Surface molecules play a fundamental role in antigen recognition, immune response activation, homing and effector functions. Soluble mediators are involved in lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, inflammatory response and cell recruitment.

Pharmacogenetics refers to how variation in one single gene influences the response to a single drug and Pharmacogenomicsrefers to how all of the genes (the genome) can influence responses to drugs. The general feature of these diverse lesions is that two nucleotides on opposite strands are joined covalently. Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity are clearly correlated.Understanding the specificity of mutagens in bacteria has led to the direct implication of certain environmental mutagens in the causation of human cancers.The Pharmaceutical industry's long successful strategy of placing big bets on a few molecules, promoting them heavily and turning them into blockbusters worked well for many years, but its R&D productivity has now plummeted and the environment’s changing. Regulators are becoming more cautious about approving truly innovative medicines.

Toxicology is the study of the undesirable effects of chemicals on living organisms. It is the study of symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of poisoning, especially the poisoning of people.The global market for selected healthcare-acquired infection (HAI) treatments was valued at nearly $15.2 billion in 2014. This market is expected to increase from nearly $17.1 billion in 2015 to $23 billion by 2020, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.1% from 2015 to 2020.

Reverse pharmacology includes drug screening deals with reverse pharmacology and forward pharmacology are two approaches to drug discovery. Target based drug discovery is the process through which potential new medicines are identified.The global market for drug discovery technologies reached nearly $39.5 billion and $46.5 billion in 2013 and 2014, respectively. This market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.3% to nearly $79.5 billion for the period 2014-2019.

Liposomes and nanoparticles: Nanoscale drug delivery systems using liposomes and nanoparticles are rising technologies for the rational delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment various ailments. Nanoparticles present possible dangers, both medically and environmentally.The pharmaceutical industry is directly impacted by the research conducted with prescription drugs, vaccines, and OTC drugs being manufactured based on findings from the study of life sciences. Clinical trials are conducted to ensure that products being developed are tested on how well they work on individuals affected by the diseases or conditions they are created to treat.

Ocular Pharmacology deals with basic and clinical research about biopharmaceuticals that have the potential to prevent, treat, and/or diagnose ocular diseases and disorders and its associated treatments. Ophthalmic diseases include those both analogous to systemic diseases (e.g., inflammation, infection, neuronal degeneration) and not analogous (e.g., cataract, myopia). Many anterior segment diseases are treated pharmacologically through eye drops, which have an implied therapeutic index of local therapy. Unlike administering pills for systemic diseases, eyedrops require patients not only to adhere to treatment, but to be able to accurately perform - i.e., instill drops correctly.The global market for selected healthcare-acquired infection (HAI) treatments was valued at nearly $15.2 billion in 2014. This market is expected to increase from nearly $17.1 billion in 2015 to $23 billion by 2020, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.1% from 2015 to 2020.

Biochemical pharmacology is based on principles of drug action. Biochemical pharmacology uses the methods of biochemistry, biophysics, molecular biology, structural biology, cell biology, and cell physiology to define the mechanisms of drug action and how drugs influence the organism by studies on intact animals, organs, cells, subcellular compartments and individual protein molecules.An overview of biopharmaceutical single-use technologies, which aid the manufacturing process in overcoming such complex issues as sterilization and critical manufacturing parameters. Analyses of global market trends, with data from 2013 and 2014, and projections of CAGRs through 2019.

Tropical Medicine is an interdisciplinary branch of medicine that deals with health issues that occur uniquely, are more widespread, or are more difficult to control in tropical and subtropical regions. The infectious diseases mainly concerned are those occurring in Tropical Regions commonly called as Neglected Tropical Disease.Pharmacology plays an important involving various researches for the treatment of Infectious Diseases as in most cases there is a common problem to identify potential pharmacological intervention to treat that particular diseases. Today the NTDs are badly affecting the many underdeveloped countries of the world. Thus, new ways are required to find various methods that can develop high productivity discovery system that can be applied to large number of pathogens causing Infectious Diseases.

Recent advances in DNA repair are DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) are lesions caused by a variety of endogenous metabolites, ecological exposures, and cancer chemotherapeutic agents that have two reactive groups.An overview of biopharmaceutical single-use technologies, which aid the manufacturing process in overcoming such complex issues as sterilization and critical manufacturing parameters. Analyses of global market trends, with data from 2013 and 2014, and projections of CAGRs through 2019.

Development of medication is a vital concern to medicine. The metabolic stability and the reactivity of a library of candidate drug compounds have to be assessed for drug metabolism and toxicological studies. Many methods of pharmacological tests have been proposed for quantitative predictions in drug metabolism.The pharmaceutical market been increasingly more affected through laws and regulations but has shown continuous growth as the diagnosis and understanding of diseases and condition has evolved and improved. BCC Research report’s cover the latest pharmaceutical market and provide in-depth market analysis, forecasts, trends, patent analysis, and profiles of major players within the markets. Comprehensive analysis of clinical studies for biopharmaceuticals, prevention and treatment of certain cancers, coagulants and non-coagulants are all within the range of pharmaceutical markets covered in BCC Research reports. Drug devices, instrumentation and inhibitors are some of the many other areas covered.

Pharmacology for nurses is one of the most important elements in nursing education. It is the field is science that is related to management of drugs as per the disease profile of the patient. This is a track designed in Pharmacology 2016 Conference.The pharmaceutical industry is directly impacted by the research conducted with prescription drugs, vaccines, and OTC drugs being manufactured based on findings from the study of life sciences. Clinical trials are conducted to ensure that products being developed are tested on how well they work on individuals affected by the diseases or conditions they are created to treat.