Day 3 :
- Track 5: Pharmacoepidemology and Drug Safety
Track 11: Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Screening
Track 14: Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeuitics
Track 15: Clinical Trails and Guidelines for Clinical Research
Chair
Vivek Lal
King Faisal University, KSA
Co-Chair
Hamiyet Unal
Erciyes University, Turkey
Session Introduction
Vivek Lal
King Faisal University, KSA
Title: New drug development in type-2 diabetes mellitus : current and future trends – an overview
Biography:
He is a Doctor of Medicine in Pharmacology with 14 years experience in the specialty. He have been actively involved with pre-clinical drug research, clinical research, hospital administration and hospital logistics support system (Pharmacy management, Equipment procurement & maintenance, turnkey projects etc). In all, He have been a medical doctor for 24 years. His expertise revolves around the training of medical graduates & post graduates (inculcating interest in rational pharmacotherapeutics), so also in pre-clinical drug research involving in-vitro/in-vivo Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics. He has hands on experience in the traditional as well as the Problem Based Learning (PBL) types of medical curricula being followed in different medical schools all over the world. He has been an under-graduate and post-graduate examiner for many medical universities in India. Notably, He have initiated a mammoth toxicology & toxinology project for the Indian Armed Forces, involving the compilation & designing of a poisoning database & poisoning registry for the Indian Armed Forces Personnel & their families. On the administrative front, He has effectively controlled medical staff in 200-600 bedded hospitals.
Abstract:
Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a pandemic affecting the developed and developing countries. The global prevalence, as per an estimate in 2010, is 285 million people, which effectively translates into a total of 6% of the world’s adult population. Arguably, an effective and optimal treatment of this disease is the need of the hour. Till very recently the thrust of the treatment of this disorder was on insulin secretagogues and drugs which can reduce insulin resistance to some extent. Of late, this objective seems to have deviated into finding agents which can just reduce blood sugar levels, distancing themselves from the physiological mechanisms responsible for glycemic control. Drugs like α-glucosidase inhibitors and the SGLT-2 co-transport inhibitors facilitate the elimination of sugars in the feces and urine, respectively, with expected moderate to severe adverse effects. While these drugs may be useful in a specific category of patients, their general utility for all patients of T2DM may not be fully justified from a purely scientific perspective. The pathophysiology of T2DM mandates a reversal of all the processes which are impeding insulin action in spite of an almost normal secretion from the Islet-beta cells of the pancreas. The clinical limitations of agents like the biguanides and thiazolidinediones have probably initiated a race to come up with agents which just lower the blood sugar levels at any cost, especially the post-prandial levels. Active research is going on globally to come up with insulin analogs, novel insulin preparations and devices, novel insulin secretagogues, novel routes of administration including oral and nasal insulins etc, but adequate research in reversing insulin resistance seems to be lacking, which actually is the need of the hour for the optimal treatment of T2DM. In this talk we would focus very briefly on the insulin receptor, its physiological role, transduction mechanisms at the molecular level and the ongoing research on insulin receptors. This would be followed by a detailed discussion on potential targets for putative agents which can expectedly overcome the flaws in the affected receptors of T2DM, thereby facilitating an effective control of this dreaded disease.
Rainbow L P LEE
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
Title: The antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil for decolonization of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Biography:
Rainbow Lai Ping LEE has just completed her Doctor of Health Science in the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. She is the Advanced Practice Nurse in the School of Nursing, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. She teaches in both undergraduate and post-graduate nursing programmes and supervise student’s final year research project. Apart from teaching, she also actively involves in research. She is currently the board member of the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies in Nanjing and a member in the research themes of Gerontological Nursing and Infection Control in Hong Kong.
Abstract:
The essential oil derived from the leaves of Melaleuca atlernifolia by steam distillation is named as tea tree oil. Tea tree oil exhibits broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of micro-organism including bacteria, virus and fungus. It is believed that the antimicrobial properties of tea tree oil are due to the presence of its cyclic monoterpenes of which about 50% are oxygenated and about 50% are hydrocarbon. Monoterpenes acquire physicochemical characteristic of lipophilicity, which permits partitioning of lipophilic compounds into the lipid bilayer of the microbial cells. The interaction of tea tree oil lipophilic compounds with the lipid bilayer of the microbial cells causes dramatic changes in the structure of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane leading to increase cell membrane permeability and damage cell function. Although the in vitro antimicrobial activity and in vivo efficacy of tea tree oil on Staphylococcus aureus have been reported, less is known about its efficacious in the decolonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from wound colonized with MRSA. Since this wound has an implication for the control of the spreading of MRSA infection, we formulated and evaluated the efficacy of tea tree oil for MRSA clearing and wound healing. We have successfully to formulate a topical 10% tea tree oil preparation to clear around 88% MRSA from the chronic wounds within 28 days. All studied wounds treated with tea tree oil were completely healed.
Illa C Patel
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, India
Title: HPTLC Method for studies of Phytochemicals from in vivo and in vitroDeveloped Plants of Pterocarpusmarsupium (Roxb.).
Biography:
Illa Patel has completed her Ph.D in botany from Gujarat university, Gujarat, India. Presently she is Asst. professor in botany at the Department of life sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University (Patan), Gujarat, India. She is M. phil. and Ph.D guide and has specialization in plant physiology, biochemistry, Tissue culture, medicinal plants and phytochemistry. She has more than 40 publications in the reputed journals and presented more than 35 papers in national and international conferences. She is also having some funded research projects and she is member of many specific and academic bodies and rendering her services to many scientific journals.
Abstract:
Pterocarpusmarsupium Roxb. is an medicinally important plants belongs to the family Fabaceae commonly known as “Biyo” or “Indian Kino” distributed in forest of the Western Ghats of India.Plant contain various phytochemicals compounds likePhenol, flavonoids, alkaloids, Saponin, glycosides, stiroids etc. The main constituents arepterostilbene, triterpene alcohol, catechin, pterosuprin and marsupol which have medicinal properties to curing the different diseases likekapha and pitta, elephantiasis, erysipeals, rectalgia, dysentry, urinary discharge, piles and in diabetes. This plant urgently need to be conserve as it is highly exploited due to use of its heart wood and bark for obtaining many phytochemicals from it. Plant needed an ideal protocol for rapid multiplication and valid method of phytochemical analysis using atechniques of High Performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC).This studies is aimed to developed in vitro callus and plants on MS media containing hormones viz.2,4-D, BAP, IAA individually at different concentration and in combination by using tissue culture techniques. The in vitro developed plant and callus were used to compare the phytochemicals constituent of it with in vivo plant parts through qualitative analysis in different extracts and quantify the amount of pterostilbene in eachpartwith using standard pterostilbene through HPTLC. Result of Priliminary analysis shows that in vitro developed callus contain many phytochemicals and HPTLC analysis shows it is a good source of pterostilbene. This study may be helpful for in vitro synthesis of phytoconstituents and give new resources to Pharma industry and also reduces pressure of natural plant population.
Hamiyet Unal
Erciyes University, Turkey
Title: Constitutive activity in the angiotensin ii type 1 receptor: Discovery and applications
Biography:
Hamiyet Unal completed Ph.D in 2010 from Cleveland State University, USA under the supervision of Dr. Sadashiva Karnik, Professor, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic and Cleveland State University. She continued multi-disciplinary postdoctoral studies in Karnik Laboratory and has published several papers on angiotensin receptor structure and mechanism of signaling in reputed journals. Her seminal observations have contributed to basic concepts of GPCR activation mechanisms with emphasis on angiotensin receptor. She is currently an assistant professor in the Department of Pharmacology at Erciyes University, Turkey with continued affiliation with the Karnik Laboratory and Molecular Cardiology Department at Cleveland Clinic, USA.
Abstract:
The native angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) displays low constitutive activity, which may contribute to pathologies such as cardiac hypertrophy in response to mechanical stress without requiring a natural or pharmacological agonist. Ligand-independent activation of the AT1R could arise in vivo due to factors such as the membrane environment, interaction with autoantibodies or interacting proteins, single nucleotide polymorphisms that increase expression and mechanical stretch. However, naturally occurring, disease causing gain-of-function mutations of AT1R are not known. Our lab engineered the first knowledge-based constitutively active mutant AT1R, by substituting Asn111:TM3 with a glycine that resulted in the highest basal activity of the receptor. We will discuss the structure-function basis of constitutive activation of AT1R and demonstrate a G-protein signaling bias in the N111G-AT1R mutant. We will provide mechanistic basis for transmembrane helical separation that leads to spontaneously active signaling conformation of AT1R based on our recent X-ray structure of human AT1R. We will describe a transgenic animal model expressing the N111G-AT1R mutant directed to endothelial cells. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of the N111G-AT1R mutant as a tool for elucidating physiological role of activated AT1R in different tissues. We will describe molecular mechanisms underlying inverse agonists of AT1R. Because the AT1R is a major therapeutic target in treating hypertension, cardiovascular and renal diseases, N111G-AT1R mutant is an invaluable resource for defining the pharmacology of this receptor. Finally, we will summarize independent studies that validate both mechanistic aspects of the N111G-AT1R mutant and its application in elucidating novel tissue-specific functions of AT1R.